In programming, syntax refers to the set of rules and structure that govern how statements and expressions are written in a programming language. It defines the proper arrangement and order of keywords, symbols, and operators that make up valid and meaningful code. Syntax acts as a guideline for programmers to write code that the computer can understand and execute correctly.

The functions of syntax in programming are as follows:

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Code Structure: Syntax provides a structured framework for organizing code. It defines the rules for how different elements of a program, such as statements, variables, functions, and control flow structures, should be written and arranged.

Code Validation: Syntax rules help validate the correctness of the code. A compiler or interpreter, which processes the code, checks whether the code adheres to the syntax of the programming language. If there are syntax errors, the compiler or interpreter reports them, making it easier for programmers to identify and fix issues.

Code Interpretation/Compilation: Programming languages have different syntaxes, and compilers or interpreters rely on these syntax rules to understand and convert the code into machine-readable instructions or bytecode. Syntax provides the necessary information for the compiler or interpreter to parse and interpret the code correctly.

Expressing Intent: Syntax allows programmers to express their intentions clearly and unambiguously. By adhering to the syntax rules, programmers can write code that accurately represents the intended logic and behavior. Syntax provides a standardized way to convey instructions to the computer and other programmers who may read and understand the code.

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Language Familiarity: Syntax establishes the language's unique characteristics and distinguishes it from other programming languages. Each programming language has its own syntax rules, which may include specific keywords, conventions, and idioms. Learning and following the syntax of a language enables programmers to effectively communicate with the language and its ecosystem.

Readability and Maintainability: Syntax plays a crucial role in the readability and maintainability of code. The consistent and well-structured syntax makes code easier to understand and modify by both the original programmer and others who may work on the code in the future. Clear syntax guidelines and conventions promote code readability and help in reducing errors and confusion.

It's important to note that different programming languages have different syntaxes, so it's essential to understand the syntax rules of the specific language you are working with in order to write correct and functional code.